{"id":3225,"date":"2020-07-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-27T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.neolifesalud.com\/mtor-and-ampk-the-two-sides-of-metabolism-that-you-need-to-be-familiar-with-and-balance-part-ii\/"},"modified":"2023-01-06T16:52:34","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T15:52:34","slug":"mtor-and-ampk-the-two-sides-of-metabolism-that-you-need-to-be-familiar-with-and-balance-part-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.neolifesalud.com\/en\/blog\/prevention-and-anti-aging\/mtor-and-ampk-the-two-sides-of-metabolism-that-you-need-to-be-familiar-with-and-balance-part-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"mTOR and AMPk \u2013 the two sides of metabolism that you need to be familiar with and balance. Part II"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr \/>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The negative effects of excess activation of the mTOR pathway can lead to cancer, insulin resistance, diabetes, Alzheimer&#8217;s, etc. Meanwhile, if we always keep it inhibited, we would affect the creation of tissue, muscle, bone, and cell repair \u2013 leading to sarcopenia, osteoporosis, weakness&#8230; and these are the problems of an over-activation of the AMPk pathway.<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this second part of the articles dedicated to the AMPk and mTOR metabolic pathways, we will try to give some ideas on how to balance these two pathways to get the best out of each of them. At Neolife, we know how to help you with these strategies adapted to your situation and your state of health so that you have an optimal quality of life and state of health.<\/p>\n<p><em> Dr. Alfonso Gal\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez &#8211; Neolife Medical Team<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>High-intensity exercise, or exercise at high-intensity intervals, such as HIIT, has been shown to activate the AMPk pathway, while strength (weight) training activates the mTOR pathway.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this second part of the articles dedicated to the <strong>AMPk <\/strong> and <strong>mTOR<\/strong> metabolic pathways, we will try to give some ideas on how to balance these two pathways to get the best out of each one.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Scientific interest in them has been increasing in recent years, as shown by the number of articles published in Pubmed when you search for mTOR:<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1057 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neolifesalud.com\/imagenes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/MTOR-1.png\" alt=\"mTOR\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">And for AMPk:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1057 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.neolifesalud.com\/imagenes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/AMPK-2.png\" alt=\"AMPK\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We mentioned in the previous article that the negative effects of excess activation of the <strong>mTOR pathway<\/strong> can lead to <strong>cancer, insulin resistance, diabetes, Alzheimer&#8217;s, Parkinson\u2019s, etc<\/strong>. Meanwhile, if we always keep it inhibited, we would affect the creation of tissue, muscle, bone, and cell repair \u2013 leading to <strong>sarcopenia, osteoporosis, weakness<\/strong>&#8230; and these are the problems of an over-activation of the <strong>AMPk<\/strong> pathway \u2013 mTOR\u2019s \u201cantagonistic\u201d pathway.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thus, we do not want to develop diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, or cancer; however, we also do not want to lose <strong>bone mass<\/strong> or <strong>muscle mass<\/strong>, which we need in order to have an adequate metabolic rate to promote the burning of fat and glucose.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Life in industrialized society almost inevitably leads us to an excess of <strong>mTOR<\/strong> activation, as we have plenty of food, we can eat as many times a day as we want (always maintaining high sugar levels with the consequent release of insulin), and we have sedentary jobs not needing to undertake physical activity to get our food. As we have seen, these are the things that inhibit <strong>AMPk pathway activation<\/strong> and that may be the cause of the increase in <strong>metabolic diseases<\/strong> in recent decades. Obviously, if we think about how the first humans lived, we can see that inevitably there was an alternation between exercise and rest, between eating and fasting&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Currently, we could say that we have to &#8220;simulate&#8221; all of that in order to improve our state of <strong>health<\/strong> and get the benefits of both metabolic pathways while avoiding the negative effects at the same time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I hope I have been able to convey that neither of the pathways is good or bad; it is a balance between the two that will lead us to greater longevity, a life free of disease, to avoid the loss of muscle mass and bone mass, etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>How do we balance both pathways?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alluding to the 4 fundamental pillars of treatment of <strong>Age Management Medicine<\/strong> and of <strong>Neolife<\/strong> (which we can expand to many more, but for educational and practical purposes we will reduce to 4) which are <strong>nutrition, exercise, supplementation, and hormonal balance<\/strong>, we will briefly explain what can be done.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nutritional strategies:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>intermittent fasting<\/strong> that we hear about everywhere and about which we have written on our blog on other occasions is a simple technique that will activate the <strong>AMPk<\/strong> pathway. We recommend fasts of at least 12h to bring about activation (usual and moderately bearable strategies go up to 14-16h). From that time, the glycogen of the liver already begins to mobilize itself, glucose and insulin in blood lower, and the secretion of <strong>hormones<\/strong> increases \u2013 such as <strong>cortisol<\/strong>, <strong>adrenaline, noradrenaline, growth hormone,<\/strong>\u2013 as well as the biogenesis of more mitochondria to optimize energy gathering and production.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Meals should preferably be low in carbohydrates and have a low or medium <strong>glycemic index<\/strong> (this measures how fast and how many carbohydrates in a food get into the blood in the form of glucose). In order to activate the <strong>mTOR<\/strong> pathway after training, to take advantage of the conditions when the workout is over and promote muscle development, it is important for food to be rich in proteins and carbohydrates and for it to have a high glycemic load (white rice, potatoes, pasta, etc.).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Training strategies:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As we have already mentioned, <strong>high-intensity exercise<\/strong>, or exercise at high-intensity intervals, such as HIIT, has been shown to activate the <strong>AMPk<\/strong> pathway, while <strong>strength <\/strong>(weight) training activates the <strong>mTOR<\/strong> pathway. We recommend alternating both forms of training throughout your weekly exercise routine to promote \u2013 on the one hand \u2013 carbohydrate metabolism, energy collection, fat burning, and mitochondrial biosynthesis, and \u2013 on the other \u2013 muscle development. We must stop to think here about how intimately related the two pathways are, despite their \u201cantagonistic &#8221; effects. As we develop more muscle, we will have more peripheral insulin receptors, which will favor <strong>AMPk<\/strong> action in terms of improving insulin resistance; and those muscles that are more developed because of <strong>mTOR<\/strong> activation will be more efficient when producing energy because they have higher mitochondrial density thanks to the activation of the AMPk pathway.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Supplements:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">There are several <strong>supplements<\/strong> that help us to activate these pathways in addition to the drugs already mentioned like <strong>metformin<\/strong> for the <strong>AMPk <\/strong>pathway and <strong>rapamycin<\/strong> for the <strong>mTOR<\/strong> pathway.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alpha-lipoic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, EGCG from green tea, berberine, turmeric, anthocyanins from blueberries, zinc, carnitine, virgin olive oil, fish oil (omega 3), ginseng, cinnamon, astragalus, Coenzyme Q10, red rice yeast, and apigenin all activate the AMPk pathway.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As for activating the mTOR pathway, it is a good idea to use <strong>amino acids<\/strong> such as leucine, whey protein, and hydrolyzed carbohydrates, which lead to an insulin peak that activates this pathway during strength training. <strong>Testosterone<\/strong> also activates the mTOR pathway (Basualto-Alarc\u00f3n C et al. 2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">With this we hope to have given you a bit of a better understanding of these important metabolic pathways and how to use them to your benefit. At <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neolifesalud.com\"><strong>Neolife<\/strong><\/a>, we know how to help you with these strategies adapted to your situation and your state of health so that you have an optimal <strong>quality of life<\/strong> and <strong>state of health<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(1) Thomson DM. <em>The Role of AMPK in the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Size, Hypertrophy, and Regeneration.<\/em> <em>Int J Mol Sci<\/em>. 2018;19(10):3125. Published 2018 Oct 11. doi:10.3390\/ijms19103125<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(2) Lin SC, Hardie DG. <em>AMPK: Sensing Glucose as well as Cellular Energy Status. Cell Metab<\/em>. 2018;27(2):299\u2010313. doi:10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.10.009<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(3) Ciccarese F, Zulato E, Indraccolo S. <em>LKB1\/AMPK Pathway and Drug Response in Cancer: A Therapeutic Perspective<\/em>. <em>Oxid Med Cell Longev<\/em>. 2019;2019:8730816. Published 2019 Oct 31. doi:10.1155\/2019\/8730816<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(4) Wang Z, Wang N, Liu P, Xie X. <em>AMPK and Cancer.<\/em> <em>Exp Suppl<\/em>. 2016;107:203\u2010226. doi:10.1007\/978-3-319-43589-3_9<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(5) Saxton RA, Sabatini DM. <em>mTOR Signaling in Growth, Metabolism, and Disease<\/em> [published correction appears in Cell. 2017 Apr 6;169(2):361-371]. Cell. 2017;168(6):960\u2010976. doi:10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.004<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(6) Bertoldo MJ, Faure M, Dupont J, Froment P. <em>AMPK: a master energy regulator for gonadal function.<\/em> Front Neurosci. 2015;9:235. Published 2015 Jul 14. doi:10.3389\/fnins.2015.00235<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(7) <em>Jeon SM. Regulation and function of AMPK in physiology and diseases. Exp Mol Med. 2016;48(7):e245. Published 2016 Jul 15. doi:10.1038\/emm.2016.81<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(8) Xu J, Ji J, Yan XH. <em>Cross-talk between AMPK and mTOR in regulating energy balance.<\/em> <em>Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr<\/em>. 2012;52(5):373\u2010381. doi:10.1080\/10408398.2010.500245<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(9) Johnson SC, Rabinovitch PS, Kaeberlein M. <em>mTOR is a key modulator of ageing and age-related disease.<\/em> <em>Nature<\/em>. 2013;493(7432):338\u2010345. doi:10.1038\/nature11861<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(10) Kim J, Yang G, Kim Y, Kim J, Ha J. <em>AMPK activators: mechanisms of action and physiological activities.<\/em> Exp Mol Med. 2016;48(4):e224. Published 2016 Apr 1. doi:10.1038\/emm.2016.16<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(11) Basualto-Alarc\u00f3n C, Jorquera G, Altamirano F, Jaimovich E, Estrada M. <em>Testosterone signals through mTOR and androgen receptor to induce muscle hypertrophy.<\/em> <em>Med Sci Sports Exerc<\/em>. 2013;45(9):1712\u20101720. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31828cf5f3<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The negative effects of excess activation of the mTOR pathway can lead to cancer, insulin resistance, diabetes, Alzheimer&#8217;s, etc. Meanwhile, if we always keep it inhibited, we would affect the creation of tissue, muscle, bone, and cell repair \u2013 leading to sarcopenia, osteoporosis, weakness&#8230; and these are the problems of an over-activation of the AMPk [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110],"tags":[1002,2113,335,2538,1285,1158,138,959,2464,2556,162,186,2237,171,1774,1929,347,2571,173,430,221,2560,149,1162,2545,927,176,309,778,1764,367,2563,1326,1164,2572,1251,2564,1704,575,2573,368],"class_list":["post-3225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-prevention-and-anti-aging","tag-age-management-medicine","tag-alpha-lipoic-acid","tag-alzheimers-disease","tag-ampk","tag-antiaging","tag-berberine","tag-cancer","tag-coenzyme-q10","tag-cortisol","tag-curcumin","tag-diabetes","tag-exercise","tag-fatty-liver","tag-health","tag-hiit","tag-hormone-balance","tag-hormones","tag-igf-1-insulin","tag-inflammation","tag-insulin-resistance","tag-intermittent-fasting","tag-lkb1","tag-longevity","tag-metformin","tag-mtor","tag-muscle","tag-neolife","tag-nutrition","tag-omega-3","tag-oncogenes","tag-osteoporosis","tag-p53","tag-parkinsons-disease","tag-rapamycin","tag-resistance","tag-resveratrol","tag-steatosis","tag-strength","tag-supplementation","tag-suppressor-genes","tag-testosterone"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>mTOR and AMPk \u2013 the two sides of metabolism that you need to be familiar with and balance. 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